Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT) is an effective treatment for port wine stains (PWS). However, repeated treatment is usually needed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes, possibly due to the limited treatment light penetration depth in the PWS lesion. The optical clearing technique can increase light penetration in depth by reducing light scattering. This study aimed to investigate the V-PDT in combination with an optical clearing agent (OCA) for the therapeutic enhancement of V-PDT in the rodent skinfold window chamber model. Vascular responses were closely monitored with laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), optical coherence tomography angiography, and stereo microscope before, during, and after the treatment. We further quantitatively demonstrated the effects of V-PDT in combination with OCA on the blood flow and blood vessel size of skin microvasculature. The combination of OCA and V-PDT resulted in significant vascular damage, including vasoconstriction and the reduction of blood flow. Our results indicate the promising potential of OCA for enhancing V-PDT for treating vascular-related diseases, including PWS.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has limited effects in treating metastatic breast cancer. Immune checkpoints can deplete the function of immune cells; however, the expression of immune checkpoints after PDT is unclear. This study investigates whether the limited efficacy of PDT is due to upregulated immune checkpoints and tries to combine the PDT and immune checkpoint inhibitor to observe the efficacy. A metastatic breast cancer model was treated by PDT mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD-PDT). The anti-tumor effect of HpD-PDT was observed, as well as CD4+T, CD8+T and calreticulin (CRT) by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Immune checkpoints on T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry after HpD-PDT. When combining PDT with immune checkpoint inhibitors, the antitumor effect and immune effect were assessed. For HpD-PDT at 100mW/cm² and 40, 60 and 80J/cm², primary tumors were suppressed and CD4+T, CD8+T and CRT were elevated; however, distant tumors couldn’t be inhibited and survival could not be prolonged. Immune checkpoints on T cells, especially PD1 and LAG-3 after HpD-PDT, were upregulated, which may explain the reason for the limited HpD-PDT effect. After PDT combined with anti-PD1 antibody, but not with anti-LAG-3 antibody, both the primary and distant tumors were significantly inhibited and the survival time was prolonged, additionally, CD4+T, CD8+T, IFN-γ+CD4+T and TNF-α+CD4+T cells were significantly increased compared with HpD-PDT. HpD-PDT could not combat metastatic breast cancer. PD1 and LAG-3 were upregulated after HpD-PDT. Anti-PD1 antibody, but not anti-LAG-3 antibody, could augment the antitumor effect of HpD-PDT for treating metastatic breast cancer.

皮肤烧伤是一种常见的皮肤疾病，对皮肤烧伤程度的判别对于后续的治疗具有重要意义。光学相干层析技术是一种具有非侵入性、无损伤性和高分辨率等特点的光学检测技术。偏振敏感光学相干层析成像（PS-OCT）具有传统光学相干层析成像没有的双折射信息对比度，能够对病变皮肤进行高分辨率高对比度的实时三维成像。为推动PS-OCT在烧伤诊断中的临床应用，发展了一种简单紧凑且灵活高效的基于扫频光源、单模光纤和圆偏振态输入的PS-OCT技术，对离体猪皮组织进行了烧伤成像研究，并通过直方图相关性算法获得了图像的差异性量化指标。实验结果表明，与正常的皮肤组织相比，烧伤皮肤组织的胶原蛋白受高温影响后产生了明显的双折射变化。利用偏振均匀度（DOPU）、累积相位延迟（CPR）、Stokes偏振参数等，可以明显观察到烧伤后的皮肤组织变化。研究表明，该PS-OCT技术在烧伤诊断中具有很大的应用潜力，可以辅助医生进行烧伤程度的判断。

光动力疗法（PDT）是一种通过光动力反应选择性地治疗恶性肿瘤及癌前病变等疾病的新型疗法，具有广阔的临床应用前景。光敏剂作为PDT的关键要素之一，其在体浓度分布直接影响PDT疗效，实现光敏剂剂量在体定量检测是开展个性化PDT精准治疗的前提。介绍了光敏剂浓度在体定量检测的影响因素；总结了目前常用的光敏剂荧光光谱定量校准方法及荧光定量检测技术；最后讨论了光敏剂定量检测技术在PDT临床转化应用中所面临的挑战和发展方向。

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) not only destroys tumor cells directly but also induced anti-tumor immune response through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). It is reported that anti-tumor response was associated with light dose and photosensitizer used in PDT. In this study, 4T1 tumor cells were implanted on both the right and left flanks of mice. Only the right tumor was treated by HpD-PDT, while the left tumor was not irradiated. The anti-tumor immune response induced by HpD-PDT was investigated. The expression of DAMPs and costimulatory molecules induced by HpD-PDT were tested by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry in vivo. Different light doses of PDT were designed to treat 4T1 cells. The killing effect was assessed by CCK-8 kit and apoptosis kit. The expression of DAMPs on 4T1 cells after HpDPDT were evaluated by flow cytometry, western blot and ATP kit. This study showed that CD4tT, CD8tT and the production of IFN-γ were increased significantly on day 10 in righttumor after PDT treatment compared with control group. HpD-PDT enhanced the expression of calreticulin (CRT) on tumor tissue. Importantly, co-stimulatory molecular OX-40 and 4-1BB were elevated on CD8tT cells. In vitro, immunogenic death of 4T1 cells was induced after PDT. Besides, the expression of DAMPs increased with the increasing of energy density. This study indicates that anti-tumor immune effect was induced by HpD-PDT. The knowledge of the involvement of CRT, ATP and co-stimulatory molecules uncovers important mechanistic insight into the anti-tumor immunogenicity. It was the first time that co-stimulatory molecules were investigated and found to elevate after PDT.

鲜红斑痣(port wine stains, PWS)是最常见的先天性皮肤微血管病变之一，PWS的病因是皮肤真皮层由浅至深的毛细血管畸形扩张。通常表现为面颈部粉色、红色和紫色斑片，随着年龄的增加，其逐渐加深和增厚，严重影响患者的生活质量。血管靶向光动力疗法 (vascular targeted photodynamic therapy, V-PDT) 可以选择性破坏病变血管，是目前国内治疗PWS的首选方法。V-PDT疗效与PWS病灶结构密切相关。PWS的病灶结构可通过活检或者无创光学诊断设备获取，主要包括表皮层黑色素含量、皮肤厚度及血管管径、深度和形态等。总结了目前常用的无创在体光学成像技术在PWS诊疗中的应用现状及PWS病灶结构特点对V-PDT疗效的影响，旨在为V-PDT精准及个性化治疗PWS提供参考。

光动力疗法(PDT)是一种综合利用光敏剂、光和氧分子，通过光动力反应选择性地治疗恶性肿瘤、血管性病变和微生物感染等疾病的新型疗法。PDT作为光治疗的一种重要方法，已逐渐成为继手术、放疗和化疗之后治疗肿瘤的第四种微创疗法，同时还是治疗鲜红斑痣等特殊疾病的首选疗法。本文简要回顾PDT的研究现状；以提高PDT疗效为目标，重点分析光敏剂、光源、组织氧含量、协同治疗、量效评估等基础研究以及临床应用的研究进展；讨论临床个性化精准PDT及其推广应用所面临的挑战和发展方向。

Photobiomodulation (PBM) promoting wound healing has been demonstrated by many studies. Currently, 630 nm and 810 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs), as light sources, are frequently used in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in clinics. However, the dose–effect relationship of LED-mediated PBM is not fully understood. Furthermore, among the 630 nm and 810 nm LEDs, which one gets a better effect on accelerating the wound healing of diabetic ulcers is not clear. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of 630 nm and 810 nm LED-mediated PBM in wound healing both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that both 630 nm and 810 nm LED irradiation significantly promoted the proliferation of mouse fibroblast cells (L929) at different light irradiances (1, 5, and 10mW/cm2. The cell proliferation rate increased with the extension of irradiation time (100, 200, and 500 s), but it decreased when the irradiation time was over 500 s. Both 630 nm and 810 nm LED irradiation (5mW/cm2 significantly improved the migration capability of L929 cells. No difference between 630 nm and 810 nm LED-mediated PBM in promoting cell proliferation and migration was detected. In vivo results presented that both 630 nm and 810 nm LED irradiation promoted the wound healing and the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) in the wounded skin of type 2 diabetic mice. Overall, these results suggested that LED-mediated PBM promotes wound healing of diabetic mice through promoting fibroblast cell proliferation, migration, and the expression of growth factors in the wounded skin. LEDs (630 nm and 810 nm) have a similar outcome in promoting wound healing of type 2 diabetic mice.